Establishment of a live vaccine strain against fowl typhoid and paratyphoid / 대한수의학회지

To develop a live vaccine strain against fowl typhoid and paratyphoid caused by Salmonella serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (Salmonella Gallinarum) and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis), respectively, several nalidixic acid resistant mutants were selected from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rough strains of Salmonella Gallinarum that escaped from fatal infection of a LPS-binding lytic bacteriophage. A non-virulent and immunogenic vaccine strain of Salmonella Gallinarum, SR2-N6, was established through in vivo pathogenicity and protection efficacy tests. SR2-N6 was highly protective against Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Enteritidis and safer than Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine strain SG 9R in the condition of protein-energy malnutrition. Thus, SR2-N6 may be a safe and efficacious vaccine strain to prevent both fowl typhoid and paratyphoid.

Diagnostic Value of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential in Acoustic Neuroma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Considering vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) represents functional integration of the inferior vestibular nerve and large proportion of acoustic neuroma (AN) originate from inferior vestibular nerve, VEMP test may provide more valuable information than ABR and the caloric test in terms of evaluating functional integration as well as screening test. Authors hope to clarify such hypothesis and also analyzed if parameters differ between cochlear lesion and retrocochlear lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Authors analyzed the results of VEMP test in 27 patients (10 males and 17 females) of AN and in 24 patients (9 males and 15 females) of unilateral definite Meniere's disease (MD). Right-left difference of interpeak latency (IPL) and interaural amplitude difference (IAD) were used as parameters of VEMP. Longest diameter of the enhanced area was measured as the size of tumor on the axial view of Gadolium enhanced T1 weighted magnetic resonance image. RESULTS: VEMP was abolished in 15 out of 27 AN patients (54.5%). Among the remaining 12 patients, 1 patient showed increased IPL and IAD at same time, while 2 patients exhibited increased IAD. The mean diameter of tumor in the group who showed positive VEMP waves was significantly smaller (0.95 cm) than that of abolished VEMP group (2.22 cm)(p=0.004). Similar tendency was also present in ABR and Caloric test. However, there was not significant difference between MD and AN in the latencies and amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS: VEMP test may not provide diagnostic information in smaller AN, especially less than 1 cm. And parameters of VEMP were not differ between cochlear and retrocochlear lesion. However, VEMP response seems still important for the comprehensive understanding of peripheral cochleovestibular status in addition to ABR and caloric test.

Efficacy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Frozen Section Biopsy in Salivary Gland Malignancies / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section biopsy in salivary gland malignancies. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: From January 1995 through December 2004, 462 patients underwent operation for salivary gland mass. Of these patients, FNABs and frozen section biopsies were performed in 262 and 241 patients, respectively. The medical and pathologic reports were reviewed retrospectively. Malignancies were found in 57 patients. RESULTS: The sensitivity and the specificity of FNAB to detect salivary gland malignancies were 50.9% and 94.1%, respectively. For the frozen section biopsy, the sensitivity and specificity rose to 90.7% and 99.0%, respectively. When the examination period was divided into period 1 (Jan, 1995-Dec, 1999) and period 2 (Jan, 2000-Dec, 2004), sensitivity showed a significant increase from 33.3% to 57.1%. With respect to pathologic types of the tumors, the sensitivity of FNAB was high in adenocarcinoma (88.9%, 8/9) but low in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (30%, 3/10) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (33.3%, 3/9). CONCLUSION: FNAB alone cannot guarantee accurate diagnosis of salivary gland malignancies. Therefore, intraoperative frozen section biopsy is recommended to make an adequate decision for surgical extent. The clinical experience of pathologists is also an important factor in improving the accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Clinical Analysis for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Salivary Gland Tuberculosis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis of salivary gland is a rare disease but it must be considered in the context of the patient presenting the salivary gland mass. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of a major salivary gland tuberculosis by determining the diagnostic usefulness of the radiographic, histopathologic, microbiological and molecular biologic evaluations. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Eight patients diagnosed as having major salivary gland tuberculosis between June 1998 and June 2004 were treated at three tertiary referral centers. Medical records, including imaging, microbiological tests, M. tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathology results were retrieved retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS: Parotid glands and submandibular glands were involved in five (62.5%) and three (37.5%) cases, respectively. Neck CT demonstrated typical findings of salivary gland tuberculosis in three patients (37.5%). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed chronic inflammation in six of seven patients (85.7%), two of which showed caseous necrosis, strongly suggesting tuberculosis (2/6, 33.3%). Five of the eight patients (62.5%) required resection of the affected gland and three (37.5%) received open biopsy. PCR was performed in half of the cases, all of which were affirmative. No significant difference was found between surgically resected and non-resected groups in terms of treatment results or morbidity. All patients received anti-tuberculous chemotherapy for 8 to 12 months with no disease recurrence. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis of the salivary gland is mostly a medically curable disease entity. In cases with high index of suspicion, FNAC coupled with PCR may become an effective and alternative diagnostic tool for salivary gland tuberculosis. This diagnostic approach should be considered before surgical intervention for the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumor.

Impairment Grading in Orthopedic Certificates / 대한정형외과학회잡지

In orthopedic practice, patients sometimes ask certain kinds of medical documents certifying their disability grading. But many orthopedic surgeons are not accustomed to issue such medical certificates. So we want to review the way of evaluation and grading of disabilities for such different kinds of medical certificates(for examples: disability grading certificate for use in traffic accident, industrial accident, liability of national compensation, private insurance, the handicapped, military service and others) and compare the differences between them.

Tibia Fracture on Removal of Interlocking Medullary Nail: A report of 3 cases / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Interlocking medullary nails have been widely used in the treatment of long bone fractures especially in tibia and femur. But with increasing use of nails, many preoperative, intra-operative and post-operative complications have been reported. We have experienced 3 cases of very rare complication, fracture of tibia shaft which occurred during removal of interlocking medullary nail after complete healing of original tibial fracture. We report these rare complications with literature review.